{"id":2547,"date":"2016-02-29T10:31:01","date_gmt":"2016-02-29T18:31:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/?page_id=2547"},"modified":"2016-02-29T17:28:35","modified_gmt":"2016-03-01T01:28:35","slug":"knapweed","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/knapweed\/","title":{"rendered":"Knapweed"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-2547\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-2547-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-2547-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-2547-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-2547-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-2547-0-0-0\" ><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h2>Main Sections<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-2547-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_nav_menu panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-2547-0-0-1\" ><ul id=\"menu-sections-menu-closed\" class=\"menu\"><li  class=\"menu-table-of-contents menu-item-2626 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/table-of-contents\/\"><span>TABLE OF CONTENTS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-general-information sf-dropdown menu-item-2354 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/\"><span>GENERAL INFORMATION<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-purpose-and-scope menu-item-2623 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/purpose-and-scope\/\"><span>Purpose and Scope<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-development-plan menu-item-2621 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/development-plan\/\"><span>Development Plan<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-area-description menu-item-2620 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/area-description\/\"><span>Area Description<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-resource-management-direction menu-item-2622 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/resource-management-direction\/\"><span>Resource Management Direction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-regulatory-context menu-item-2624 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/regulatory-context\/\"><span>Regulatory Context<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-the-role-of-information menu-item-2625 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/role-of-information\/\"><span>The Role of Information<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-community-sections sf-dropdown menu-item-2351 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/\"><span>COMMUNITY SECTIONS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-access-trails-and-transportation menu-item-2605 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/access-and-transportation\/\"><span>Access, Trails and Transportation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-communities menu-item-2606 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/communities\/\"><span>Communities<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-visual-landscape-management menu-item-2609 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/visual-landscape-management\/\"><span>Visual Landscape Management<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-cultural-and-historical-resources menu-item-2607 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/cultural-and-historical-resources\/\"><span>Cultural and Historical Resources<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-first-nations menu-item-2608 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/first-nations\/\"><span>First Nations<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-economic-sections sf-dropdown menu-item-2352 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/\"><span>ECONOMIC SECTIONS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-agriculture-and-range menu-item-2610 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/agriculture-and-range\/\"><span>Agriculture and Range<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-crown-land-and-water menu-item-2611 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/crown-land-and-water\/\"><span>Crown Land and Water<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-energy-and-minerals menu-item-2612 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/energy-and-minerals\/\"><span>Energy and Minerals<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-timber-and-silviculture menu-item-2613 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/timber-and-silviculture\/\"><span>Timber and Silviculture<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-tourism-and-recreation menu-item-2614 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/tourism-and-recreation\/\"><span>Tourism and Recreation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-environmental-sections sf-dropdown menu-item-2353 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/\"><span>ENVIRONMENTAL SECTIONS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-fish-and-riparian-habitat menu-item-2615 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/fish-and-riparian-habitat\/\"><span>Fish and Riparian Habitat<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-forest-and-grassland-ecosystems menu-item-2616 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/\"><span>Forest and Grassland Ecosystems<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-protected-areas menu-item-2618 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/protected-areas\/\"><span>Protected Areas<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-plants menu-item-2617 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/\"><span>Plants<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-wildlife menu-item-2619 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/\"><span>Wildlife<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-implementation menu-item-2356 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/implementation-monitoring-and-amendment\/\"><span>IMPLEMENTATION<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-glossary menu-item-2355 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/glossary\/\"><span>GLOSSARY<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-2547-0-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-2547-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" ><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Hogweed<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>The South Chilcotin Mountains have been used for generations by several First Nations groups and has also been important for mining, ranching, hunting and recreational use in British Columbia. In order to recover affected areas and maintain the unique biodiversity of the area, wilderness research, education and special management processes are required. Ungulates such as moose, mule deer and bighorn sheep inhabit their summer ranges at high elevation, and in winter leave areas of deep snow and migrate to their winter habitat in valley bottoms. Bears also migrate seasonally, but depend on this low elevation for early spring foraging after the winter hibernation. Due to the Bridge River Hydroelectric project of the 1950's over 4,437 hectares of valley bottom and 232 hectares of adjacent hillsides were flooded. This major loss of winter habitat for ungulates and spring foraging for bears dramatically affected wildlife migration patterns and population densities. Five Mile Ridge is a centrally located site within what is remaining of this important seasonal wildlife habitat. After the 2009 fire on Five Mile Ridge several invasive plant species colonized the disturbed area and have since outcompeted most native pioneering plant species. The invasion of noxious weed has decreased the health, productivity and biodiversity of this rangeland.<\/p>\n<p>As noted in the Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan noxious weed invasion impacts the normal functioning of the ecosystem by decreasing the health, productivity, biodiversity, fire regimes, nutrient cycling and hydrology of rangelands, negatively impacting forage quality and quantity. Lacey and colleagues (1989) found that the replacement of native bunchgrass by spotted knapweed resulted in increased water surface runoff of 56% and soil loss of 192% in Montana compared to non-infested sites. Another study indicated grassland production in the southern interior of British Columbia was reduced by 88% as a result of knapweed invasion (Watson and Renney 1974).<\/p>\n<h4>Issues:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Decreased health, productivity, and biodiversity of ecosystems due to foreign plant species invasion<\/li>\n<li>Altered fire regimes, nutrient cycling and hydrology of the Five Mile Ridge area<\/li>\n<li>Ideal forage species being overrun by invasive species<\/li>\n<li>Invasive species reducing survival rates of wildlife<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Goals:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Restore and maintain the native ecology of the Five Mile Ridge area<\/li>\n<li>Physical pulling and spraying of invasive plants<\/li>\n<li>Monitoring affected area for indigenous plant recovery<\/li>\n<li>Assessment of area treatment via pre-post treatment inventory of flora and fauna to assess effectiveness of invasive plant reduction<\/li>\n<li>Continue monitoring and management of the area to ensure improved habitat quality and prevent encroachment on other important habitat areas<\/li>\n<li>Increase population of native plant species and therefore forage material for native wildlife species<\/li>\n<li>Increase biodiversity and ecological functioning of the area to assure long-term health and productivity<\/li>\n<li>Educate public and local communities on controlling and preventing the spread of noxious weeds.  <\/li>\n<li>Coordinate conservation efforts to ensure consistent management plans on regional and provincial scale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-2547-0-2\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-2547-0-2-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_nav_menu panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-2547-0-2-0\" ><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Plants<\/h3><ul id=\"menu-plants\" class=\"menu\"><li  class=\"menu-whitebark-pine menu-item-2253 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/whitebark-pine\/\"><span>Whitebark Pine<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-wild-potatoes menu-item-2250 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/wild-potatoes\/\"><span>Wild Potatoes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-balsam-root menu-item-2251 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/balsam-root\/\"><span>Balsam Root<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-wild-onion menu-item-2263 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/wild-onion\/\"><span>Wild Onion<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-cow-parsnip menu-item-2277 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/cow-parsnip\/\"><span>Cow Parsnip<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-burdock menu-item-2280 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/burdock\/\"><span>Burdock<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-hogweed menu-item-2439 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/hogweed\/\"><span>Hogweed<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-knapweed menu-item-2549 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/knapweed\/\"><span>Knapweed<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-2547-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-2547-1\" ><div id=\"pgc-2547-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-2547-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-2547-1-0-0\" ><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<table style=\"width:100%\">\n<p>\t<!-- TITLE BAR --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<th>Objectives<\/th>\n<th>Management Direction\/Strategies<\/th>\n<th>Measures of Success\/Targets<\/th>\n<th>Intent<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Main Sections The South Chilcotin Mountains have been used for generations by several First Nations groups and has also been important for mining, ranching, hunting and recreational use in British Columbia. In order to recover affected areas and maintain the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/knapweed\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":1931,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2547"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2547"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2700,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2547\/revisions\/2700"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}