{"id":1949,"date":"2016-01-26T17:04:35","date_gmt":"2016-01-27T01:04:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/?page_id=1949"},"modified":"2016-05-18T16:47:01","modified_gmt":"2016-05-18T23:47:01","slug":"biodiversity-in-dry-forest-and-grasslands","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/biodiversity-in-dry-forest-and-grasslands\/","title":{"rendered":"Biodiversity in Dry Forest and Grasslands"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-1949\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-1949-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1949-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-1949-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1949-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1949-0-0-0\" ><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h2>Main Sections<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-1949-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_nav_menu panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1949-0-0-1\" ><ul id=\"menu-sections-menu-closed\" class=\"menu\"><li  class=\"menu-table-of-contents menu-item-2626 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/table-of-contents\/\"><span>TABLE OF CONTENTS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-general-information sf-dropdown menu-item-2354 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/\"><span>GENERAL INFORMATION<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-purpose-and-scope menu-item-2623 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/purpose-and-scope\/\"><span>Purpose and Scope<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-development-plan menu-item-2621 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/development-plan\/\"><span>Development Plan<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-area-description menu-item-2620 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/area-description\/\"><span>Area Description<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-resource-management-direction menu-item-2622 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/resource-management-direction\/\"><span>Resource Management Direction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-regulatory-context menu-item-2624 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/regulatory-context\/\"><span>Regulatory Context<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-the-role-of-information menu-item-2625 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/role-of-information\/\"><span>The Role of Information<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-community-sections sf-dropdown menu-item-2351 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/\"><span>COMMUNITY SECTIONS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-access-trails-and-transportation menu-item-2605 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/access-and-transportation\/\"><span>Access, Trails and Transportation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-communities menu-item-2606 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/communities\/\"><span>Communities<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-visual-landscape-management menu-item-2609 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/visual-landscape-management\/\"><span>Visual Landscape Management<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-cultural-and-historical-resources menu-item-2607 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/cultural-and-historical-resources\/\"><span>Cultural and Historical Resources<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-first-nations menu-item-2608 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/first-nations\/\"><span>First Nations<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-economic-sections sf-dropdown menu-item-2352 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/\"><span>ECONOMIC SECTIONS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-agriculture-and-range menu-item-2610 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/agriculture-and-range\/\"><span>Agriculture and Range<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-crown-land-and-water menu-item-2611 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/crown-land-and-water\/\"><span>Crown Land and Water<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-energy-and-minerals menu-item-2612 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/energy-and-minerals\/\"><span>Energy and Minerals<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-timber-and-silviculture menu-item-2613 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/timber-and-silviculture\/\"><span>Timber and Silviculture<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-tourism-and-recreation menu-item-2614 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/tourism-and-recreation\/\"><span>Tourism and Recreation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-environmental-sections sf-dropdown menu-item-2353 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/\"><span>ENVIRONMENTAL SECTIONS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-fish-and-riparian-habitat menu-item-2615 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/fish-and-riparian-habitat\/\"><span>Fish and Riparian Habitat<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-forest-and-grassland-ecosystems menu-item-2616 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/\"><span>Forest and Grassland Ecosystems<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-protected-areas menu-item-2618 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/protected-areas\/\"><span>Protected Areas<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-plants menu-item-2617 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/\"><span>Plants<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-wildlife menu-item-2619 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/\"><span>Wildlife<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-implementation menu-item-2356 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/implementation-monitoring-and-amendment\/\"><span>IMPLEMENTATION<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-glossary menu-item-2355 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/glossary\/\"><span>GLOSSARY<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-1949-0-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1949-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" ><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Biodiversity in Dry Forest and Grasslands<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Grasslands (NDT4a) and dry open forests (NDT4b) have a high percentage of rare, threatened, sensitive or vulnerable wildlife, plants and plant communities. Frequent, low-intensity fires have played an important role in maintaining some dry forests and grasslands (see map). Continuing the role of fire within these dry ecosystems is important to maintaining their biodiversity.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1950\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2946 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map.jpg\" width=\"900\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map-768x749.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map-60x60.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Issues:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Conversion of grasslands (NDT4a) to forests reduces their productivity and diversity, and habitat for wildlife and species at risk.<\/li>\n<li>Open dry forests (NDT4b), dominated by old growth, have changed to dense forest stands. This results in greater impacts to species at risk and biodiversity, poorer forage and timber production, and greater risk of catastrophic wildfire.<\/li>\n<li>Unregulated access can disturb and degrade grasslands and dry forests and increase risks to wildlife (including species at risk).<\/li>\n<li>Key problem areas are not identified or appropriately managed.<\/li>\n<li>Inadequate knowledge of fire-maintained ecosystems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u00a0<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Healthy, functioning fire-maintained ecosystems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-1949-0-2\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1949-0-2-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_nav_menu panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1949-0-2-0\" ><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Forest Biodiversity and Grassland Ecosystems<\/h3><ul id=\"menu-forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\" class=\"menu\"><li  class=\"menu-biodiversity-in-dry-forest-and-grasslands menu-item-2025 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/biodiversity-in-dry-forest-and-grasslands\/\"><span>Biodiversity in Dry Forest and Grasslands<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-biodiversity-in-forested-areas menu-item-2026 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/biodiversity-in-forested-areas\/\"><span>Biodiversity in Forested Areas<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-fire-management sf-dropdown menu-item-2808 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/fire-management\/\"><span>Fire Management<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-natural-fire menu-item-2812 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/fire-management\/natural-fire\/\"><span>Natural Fire<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-prescribed-fire menu-item-2815 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/fire-management\/prescribed-fire\/\"><span>Prescribed Fire<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-1949-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1949-1\" ><div id=\"pgc-1949-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1949-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1949-1-0-0\" ><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<table style=\"width:100%\">\n<p>\t<!-- TITLE BAR --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<th>Objectives<\/th>\n<th>Management Direction\/Strategies<\/th>\n<th>Measures of Success\/Targets<\/th>\n<th>Intent<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"12\t\">1. Manage grazing, harvesting, silviculture techniques and burning activities to maintain or enhance the natural structure, function, health and productivity of dry forests and grasslands (see map)<\/td>\n<td>1.1 Use silviculture and burning activities to reduce conifer encroachment and improve grassland productivity in NDT4a grasslands<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"12\">Healthy grasslands distributed across historical ranges Grazing and fires support natural distributions of grasslands and dry forests Dry forests with natural stand structure conditions Improved wildlife habitat, enhanced forage productivity for livestock and wildlife use, improved forest health and productivity, and increased biodiversity and connectivity<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.2 Manage grazing prior to burning to allow the build up of fine fuel. Allow for adequate re-growth of grasses and forbs after burning<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.3 Define realistic and attainable desired plant communities to reflect the desired seral stage distribution<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.4 Develop and implement management prescriptions in range use plans to ensure that rare plants, rare plant communities and habitats for wildlife species at risk persist across their natural range<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5 Manage silviculture and fire activities to reduce ingrowth and enhance the understorey layers in open forested ecosystems (NDT4b)<\/td>\n<td>Classical NDT4 attributes are: large-diameter, widely-spaced trees, a well developed grass\/shrub understorey, and mosaics of thickets and openings Silviculture activities may include, , for example, maximum and minimum stocking standards, regeneration delay, stand density and species selection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.6 Encourage a variety of silviculture treatments (with a preference for mechanical treatment where this is beneficial to wildlife & livestock) where it is impractical to burn, or prior to burning in forested sites<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.7 Use cluster planting to meet stocking standards and allow plant succession to progress naturally in non-planted openings (voids)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.8 In open forests, manage stand structures by site series to best imitate classical NDT4 stand structures<\/td>\n<td>Develop and implement site series specific prescriptions to achieve desired stand structure (incorporating recommendations of the Kamloops Forest Region NDT4 Committee). Operational forestry plans should provide a range of opening (cutblock) sizes. Leave coarse woody debris where it would normally occur (i.e., in wet sites and very dry fireproof sites). Leave coarse woody debris where previous harvests have removed snag components. Within NDT4b sites, maintain 10 to15 tall, large diameter snags per 10 hectare area where they exist and create where they do not. Ensure there is more emphasis on snag retention in dry site series (02, 03, and 04). Utilize logging to open up stands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.9 Explore and encourage First Nation research initiatives to reintroduce burning practices back into traditional use areas<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.10 Consider available First Nations\u2019 knowledge of traditional use and prescribed burning when developing burn plans<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.11 Implement management prescriptions that include management for fire dependent species and ethno-botanical purposes<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.12 Consult with First Nations during the development and implementation of district burn plans within their traditional use areas<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">2. Manage mechanized and motorized access in grassland areas (NDT4a) and dry forests (NDT4b) to minimize disturbance and degradation. (Also see the Access section)<\/td>\n<td>2.1 Discourage indiscriminate, offroad and off-trail, mechanized or motorized use<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.2 Control access in vulnerable areas (e.g., wet or seasonally wet sites; aspen copses and shrub complexes; cliff habitats and rocky slopes, areas of high biodiversity, known areas of species at risk)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.3 Monitor access strategies and activities in terms of their impacts on species at risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.4 Evaluate existing access in terms of the habitat needs of species at risk and implement measures to minimize threats to those habitats<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.5 Encourage education of public recreational users to minimize disturbance and degradation of NDT4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">3. Continue provincial research and inventory work to increase knowledge of NDT4 ecosystems<\/td>\n<td>3.1 Conduct inventories to the Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification site series level to delineate NDT4 ecosystems and to determine opportunities for rehabilitation<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.2 Seek funding to maintain or expand the network of range reference areas in NDT4 to support the study of natural processes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.3 Utilize First Nations\u2019 knowledge of and traditional management regimes for NDT4 ecosystems<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.4 Delineate and map grasslands using various tools (e.g., historical air photos), to include areas that were once grasslands and are currently mapped as forest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Main Sections Grasslands (NDT4a) and dry open forests (NDT4b) have a high percentage of rare, threatened, sensitive or vulnerable wildlife, plants and plant communities. Frequent, low-intensity fires have played an important role in maintaining some dry forests and grasslands (see &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/biodiversity-in-dry-forest-and-grasslands\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":1943,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1949"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1949"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2961,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1949\/revisions\/2961"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}