{"id":1921,"date":"2016-01-26T11:31:33","date_gmt":"2016-01-26T19:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/?page_id=1921"},"modified":"2016-06-11T19:51:23","modified_gmt":"2016-06-12T02:51:23","slug":"canadian-moose","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/canadian-moose\/","title":{"rendered":"Canadian Moose"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-1921\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-1921-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1921-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-1921-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1921-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1921-0-0-0\" ><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h2>Main Sections<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-1921-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_nav_menu panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1921-0-0-1\" ><ul id=\"menu-sections-menu-closed\" class=\"menu\"><li  class=\"menu-table-of-contents menu-item-2626 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/table-of-contents\/\"><span>TABLE OF CONTENTS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-general-information sf-dropdown menu-item-2354 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/\"><span>GENERAL INFORMATION<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-purpose-and-scope menu-item-2623 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/purpose-and-scope\/\"><span>Purpose and Scope<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-development-plan menu-item-2621 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/development-plan\/\"><span>Development Plan<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-area-description menu-item-2620 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/area-description\/\"><span>Area Description<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-resource-management-direction menu-item-2622 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/resource-management-direction\/\"><span>Resource Management Direction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-regulatory-context menu-item-2624 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/regulatory-context\/\"><span>Regulatory Context<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-the-role-of-information menu-item-2625 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/general-information\/role-of-information\/\"><span>The Role of Information<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-community-sections sf-dropdown menu-item-2351 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/\"><span>COMMUNITY SECTIONS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-access-trails-and-transportation menu-item-2605 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/access-and-transportation\/\"><span>Access, Trails and Transportation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-communities menu-item-2606 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/communities\/\"><span>Communities<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-visual-landscape-management menu-item-2609 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/visual-landscape-management\/\"><span>Visual Landscape Management<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-cultural-and-historical-resources menu-item-2607 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/cultural-and-historical-resources\/\"><span>Cultural and Historical Resources<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-first-nations menu-item-2608 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/community-sections\/first-nations\/\"><span>First Nations<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-economic-sections sf-dropdown menu-item-2352 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/\"><span>ECONOMIC SECTIONS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-agriculture-and-range menu-item-2610 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/agriculture-and-range\/\"><span>Agriculture and Range<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-crown-land-and-water menu-item-2611 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/crown-land-and-water\/\"><span>Crown Land and Water<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-energy-and-minerals menu-item-2612 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/energy-and-minerals\/\"><span>Energy and Minerals<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-timber-and-silviculture menu-item-2613 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/timber-and-silviculture\/\"><span>Timber and Silviculture<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-tourism-and-recreation menu-item-2614 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/economic-sections\/tourism-and-recreation\/\"><span>Tourism and Recreation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-environmental-sections sf-dropdown menu-item-2353 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/\"><span>ENVIRONMENTAL SECTIONS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-fish-and-riparian-habitat menu-item-2615 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/fish-and-riparian-habitat\/\"><span>Fish and Riparian Habitat<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-forest-and-grassland-ecosystems menu-item-2616 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/forest-biodiversity-and-grassland-ecosystems\/\"><span>Forest and Grassland Ecosystems<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-protected-areas menu-item-2618 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/protected-areas\/\"><span>Protected Areas<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-plants menu-item-2617 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/plants\/\"><span>Plants<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-wildlife menu-item-2619 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/\"><span>Wildlife<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-implementation menu-item-2356 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/implementation-monitoring-and-amendment\/\"><span>IMPLEMENTATION<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-glossary menu-item-2355 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/glossary\/\"><span>GLOSSARY<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-1921-0-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1921-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"2\" ><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Canadian Moose<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>There are approximately 300 moose in MU 3-32, 300 in MU 3-33, 50 in MU 3-17, and 10 in MU 3-13. Critical components of moose habitat are suitable forage, thermal shelter in both summer and winter, and limited human disturbance. Moose management focuses on winter and summer\/reproductive ranges and moose management units established for high value sites (see map).<\/p>\n<p>According to the Safari Club International Record Books, the boundary between the Canadian moose and Shiras moose lies approximately along the edge of the Trans-Canada Hwy 1, with Canadian Moose to the north of the boundary and Shiras moose to the south. Therefore the Canadian moose is found in all Management Units of the Sub Region except 3-13 and 3-14.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, a decline in Moose population in several parts of British Columbia was witnessed. Before one can take action and design a plan to solve a specific problem, it is important to clearly identify the causes as to why the problem presents itself. Therefore, the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO) and its partners set up a five-year research program. The main goal of this program is to investigate the landscape change hypothesis, which states that salvage logging and the mountain pine beetle outbreaks could have caused the decline in the Moose population. The mechanisms through which these two possible factors could have caused the decline could be the following: Moose could become more vulnerable to hunters and predators when moving in cutblocks; reduced density of mature trees, which provides less snow interception, might increase the energetic requirements for winter feeding; and the possibility of reduced thermal cover which will reduce the Moose's body condition when entering winter. All of these effects could present themselves immediately post-logging or have an impact over a longer period of time. It is important however to note that salvage logging could also have long lasting positive effects on the Moose population: regenerating forest stands could increase the food availability in the region 5 to 40 years after the logging.\u00a0 Besides the main goal of the program, secondary research topics have been set per area\u00a0 based on regional and funding partner interest (for more details, please refer to table 2 of the research paper).<\/p>\n<p>The research program focuses on five study areas ranging from 3000 to over 10,000 km2 (i.e.\u00a0 Bonaparte, Big Creek, Entiako, Prince George South and John Prince Research Forest). The study identifies\u00a0 three response variables, cow and calf survival and population growth rate,\u00a0 and applies several field methods: capture and handling of cows, mortality site investigations, biological samples from non radio-collared Moose, surveys to measure population change and composition, predator assessment and GPS radio collars. By using GPS radio-collars, the researchers will try to determine how cows survive. Furthermore, the study will develop a project database in order to be able to analyze all the data gathered and finally,\u00a0 the study will try to\u00a0 assist in determining what processes can be influenced by management actions and how to do so.<\/p>\n<p>Identifying the causes of a declining Moose population is key to stop and eventually reverse the downtrend in certain regions of British Columbia. The landscape change hypothesis research program discussed above is an example of such an identification process.<\/p>\n<p>General issues across the TSA will be addressed below, followed by management plans specific to individual populations.<\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.gov.bc.ca\/assets\/gov\/environment\/plants-animals-and-ecosystems\/wildlife-wildlife-habitat\/wildlife-health\/wildlife-health-documents\/2014_bc_moose_research_design.pdf\">Research Design to Determine Factors Affecting Moose Population Change in British Columbia: Testing the Landscape Change Hypothesis<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>Canadian Moose Map<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1920\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2946 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map.jpg\" width=\"900\" height=\"878\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map-768x749.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-content\/uploads\/general-map-60x60.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Issues:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduction in the quality, abundance and distribution of essential habitat (e.g., forage, thermal cover, security cover) and impediments to movement (e.g., livestock fences).<\/li>\n<li>Increased access-related mortality from unregulated hunting, poaching, stress, inappropriate road locations, types and levels of use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Goals:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Increased distribution and abundance of moose<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-1921-0-1-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_nav_menu panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Canadian Moose Prescriptive<\/h3><ul id=\"menu-prescriptive-canadian-moose\" class=\"menu\"><li  class=\"menu-pearson-pond menu-item-2714 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/canadian-moose\/pearson-pond\/\"><span>Pearson Pond<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-management-unit-3-32-carpenter-lake menu-item-2715 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/canadian-moose\/management-unit-3-32-carpenter-lake\/\"><span>Management Unit 3-32; Carpenter Lake<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-1921-0-2\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1921-0-2-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_nav_menu panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1921-0-2-0\" ><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Wildlife<\/h3><ul id=\"menu-wildlife\" class=\"menu\"><li  class=\"menu-ungulates sf-dropdown menu-item-2518 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/\"><span>UNGULATES<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-canadian-moose menu-item-2596 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/canadian-moose\/\"><span>Canadian Moose<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-shiras-moose menu-item-2603 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/shiras-moose\/\"><span>Shiras Moose<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-roosevelt-elk menu-item-2602 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/roosevelt-elk\/\"><span>Roosevelt Elk<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-rocky-mountain-elk menu-item-2601 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/rocky-mountain-elk\/\"><span>Rocky Mountain Elk<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-mountain-goat menu-item-2598 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/mountain-goat\/\"><span>Mountain Goat<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-california-big-horn-sheep menu-item-2595 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/california-big-horn-sheep\/\"><span>California Big Horn Sheep<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-rocky-mountain-big-horn-sheep menu-item-2600 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/rocky-mountain-big-horn-sheep\/\"><span>Rocky Mountain Big Horn Sheep<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-mule-deer menu-item-2599 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/mule-deer\/\"><span>Mule Deer<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-black-tailed-deer menu-item-2594 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/black-tailed-deer\/\"><span>Black-tailed Deer<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-white-tailed-deer menu-item-2604 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/white-tailed-deer\/\"><span>White-tailed Deer<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-mountain-caribou menu-item-2597 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/mountain-caribou\/\"><span>Mountain Caribou<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-fur-bearers sf-dropdown menu-item-2522 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/\"><span>FUR BEARERS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-lynx menu-item-2593 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/lynx\/\"><span>Lynx<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-bobcat menu-item-2592 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/bobcat\/\"><span>Bobcat<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-pine-marten menu-item-2591 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/pine-marten\/\"><span>Pine Marten<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-fisher menu-item-2590 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/fisher\/\"><span>Fisher<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-wolverine menu-item-2589 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/wolverine\/\"><span>Wolverine<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-hoary-marmot menu-item-2588 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/hoary-marmot\/\"><span>Hoary Marmot<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-north-american-beaver menu-item-2587 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/north-american-beaver\/\"><span>North American Beaver<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-american-red-squirrel menu-item-2754 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/american-red-squirrel\/\"><span>American Red Squirrel<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-north-american-badger menu-item-2993 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/north-american-badger\/\"><span>North American Badger<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-beaver menu-item-2996 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/fur-bearers\/beaver\/\"><span>Beaver<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-predators sf-dropdown menu-item-2523 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/predators\/\"><span>PREDATORS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-wolf menu-item-2586 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/predators\/wolf\/\"><span>Wolf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-cougar menu-item-2585 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/predators\/cougar\/\"><span>Cougar<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-black-bear menu-item-2584 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/predators\/black-bear\/\"><span>Black Bear<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-coyote menu-item-2833 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/predators\/coyote\/\"><span>Coyote<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-upland-birds sf-dropdown menu-item-2519 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/\"><span>UPLAND BIRDS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-dusky-grouse menu-item-2757 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/dusky-grouse\/\"><span>Dusky Grouse<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-sooty-grouse menu-item-2760 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/sooty-grouse\/\"><span>Sooty Grouse<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-spruce-grouse menu-item-2763 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/spruce-grouse\/\"><span>Spruce Grouse<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-sharp-tailed-grouse menu-item-2766 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/sharp-tailed-grouse\/\"><span>Sharp-tailed Grouse<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-willow-ptarmigan menu-item-2769 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/willow-ptarmigan\/\"><span>Willow Ptarmigan<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-rock-ptarmigan menu-item-2772 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/rock-ptarmigan\/\"><span>Rock Ptarmigan<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-california-quail menu-item-2775 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/california-quail\/\"><span>California Quail<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-chukar-partridge menu-item-2778 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/chukar-partridge\/\"><span>Chukar Partridge<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-clarks-nutcracker menu-item-2782 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/upland-birds\/clarks-nutcracker\/\"><span>Clark\u2019s Nutcracker<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-birds-of-prey sf-dropdown menu-item-2521 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/birds-of-prey\/\"><span>BIRDS OF PREY<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-golden-eagle menu-item-2786 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/birds-of-prey\/golden-eagle\/\"><span>Golden Eagle<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-bald-eagle menu-item-2790 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/birds-of-prey\/bald-eagle\/\"><span>Bald Eagle<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-osprey menu-item-2793 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/birds-of-prey\/osprey\/\"><span>Osprey<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-turkey-vulture menu-item-2830 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/birds-of-prey\/turkey-vulture\/\"><span>Turkey Vulture<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-peregrine-falcon menu-item-2926 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/birds-of-prey\/peregrine-falcon\/\"><span>Peregrine Falcon<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-waterfowl sf-dropdown menu-item-2520 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/waterfowl\/\"><span>WATERFOWL<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu sf-dropdown-menu dropdown\">\n\t<li  class=\"menu-trumpeter-swan menu-item-2796 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/waterfowl\/trumpeter-swan\/\"><span>Trumpeter Swan<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-common-loon menu-item-2803 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/waterfowl\/common-loon\/\"><span>Common Loon<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-mallard-duck menu-item-2804 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/waterfowl\/mallard-duck\/\"><span>Mallard Duck<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t<li  class=\"menu-canada-goose menu-item-2805 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/waterfowl\/canada-goose\/\"><span>Canada Goose<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-amphibians menu-item-2929 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/amphibians\/\"><span>AMPHIBIANS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li  class=\"menu-bats menu-item-3014 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/bats\/\"><span>BATS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-1921-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1921-1\" ><div id=\"pgc-1921-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1921-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"5\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1921-1-0-0\" ><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<table style=\"width:100%\">\n<p>\t<!-- TITLE BAR --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<th>Objectives<\/th>\n<th>Management Direction\/Strategies<\/th>\n<th>Measures of Success\/Targets<\/th>\n<th>Intent<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">1. Maintain winter range as shown on the Moose map<\/td>\n<td>1.1 Designate the winter range areas shown on the Moose map as \u201cungulate winter range\u201d under the Forest and Range Practices Act<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">Management objectives for moose are not expected to have an impact on the timber harvesting land base so no planning allowance has been allocated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.2 Consider available First Nations\u2019 knowledge, when available, of moose winter range into habitat information considered during map amendments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">2. Provide security and thermal cover and manage high value moose habitat through the establishment of moose management units (MMUs)<\/td>\n<td>2.1 Establish MMUs within high value sites<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">High value habitat sites are shrub-dominated swamps, fens and carrs where willow is a dominant species and ungulate browsing is evident<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.2 Where the high value habitats are isolated or in small groups, a larger buffer can be applied. Where MMUs occur in large groups or complexes, a smaller buffer can be applied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">3. Protect forage and shelter values within MMUs in moose winter range (see Moose map) and provide for early seral stages of shrubs<\/td>\n<td>3.1 Up to 33% of the wetland\/riparian edges in these areas may be harvested in a single pass<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.2 The maximum functional exposure along wetland\/riparian areas should not exceed 200 m in width. No more than 1\/3 may be clearcut in a single pass<\/td>\n<td>At least 67% of the wetland\/riparian edges are not harvested in a single pass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.3 New clearcut blocks adjacent to existing clearcuts or cutblocks without adequate visual security should not be harvested until a 4-metre green-up has been achieved on the adjacent, existing cutblocks<\/td>\n<td>Openings are less than 200 metres long At least 67% of the area has forests that are at least 4 metres tall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td>4. Manage resource development and use activities within summer\/reproductive range by protecting forage and shelter values and providing for early seral stages of shrubs (See summer\/reproductive range on the Moose map)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">5. Within mapped moose winter ranges (see the Moose map) provide and maintain adequate browse of palatable species (e.g., willow, birch, aspen, red-osier dogwood) approaching a natural distribution<\/td>\n<td>5.1 Design harvest patterns to maximize early seral forage opportunities in keeping with cover requirements and natural patch size distribution<\/td>\n<td>Within moose winter range, livestock and forest management maintain or enhance key shrub or browse species (e.g., willow, birch, aspen, re-osier dogwood) approaching a natural distribution<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.2 Avoid the use of broadcast herbicide applications<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.3 Avoid forage species such as willow, birch, aspen, red-osier dogwood, where wherever possible when doing spot herbicide treatment<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.4 Avoid the conversion of forage dominant sites to conifer dominated sites by avoiding conifer planting or, at the very least, cluster plant only<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.5 Apply minimum stocking standards on wetter (non-mesic) sites to allow for increased production of palatable browse species<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.6 Utilize site preparation and brush control methods that minimize impacts to moose forage. Scarification, if necessary, should only be done on planting lines to protect natural regenerating forage species<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td>6. Reduce forage competition between livestock and moose in mapped winter and summer\/reproductive ranges (see the Moose map)<\/td>\n<td>6.1 Through range use plans, restrict grazing by domestic livestock to less than 20% removal of leaves and 10% removal of current year\u2019s growth of shoots and twigs<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">7. Ensure the longterm maintenance of thermal and security cover within mapped summer\/reproductive and winter ranges (see Moose map), and provide moose with access to cover in these ranges<\/td>\n<td>7.1 Place wildlife tree patches proximal to key forage areas<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7.2 Ensure wildlife tree patches are placed in quality thermal cover (usually spruce stands), where possible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">8. Manage resource development and use activities within their winter and summer\/reproductive ranges by minimizing impacts of road access and density<\/td>\n<td>8.1 Use the seasonal access maps to identify any access management direction for public and industrial use<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">Impacts from road access and road density are minimized<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8.2 Locate main haul roads away from winter and summer\/reproductive ranges<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8.3 Branch and spur roads built within summer \/ reproduction sites should be deactivated or blocked to restrict 2 and 4-wheel drive road vehicle access<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8.4 Maintain visual screening between roads and forage areas, or break up line of sight from roads in moose winter range<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8.5 Ensure effective visual cover around stand tending areas (e.g., areas that have not reached green-up)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8.6 Implement appropriate deactivation, rehabilitation, regulated closures and graduated access measures for new road developments within mapped moose winter and summer\/reproductive ranges<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">9. Allow unimpeded movement of moose within their winter and summer\/reproductive ranges (see Moose map)<\/td>\n<td>9.1 Replacement or new livestock fencing should not exceed 42 inches (1.07m) in height and should be a minimum of 18 inches above ground to allow young moose calves to pass over or under fences<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Moose movement not impeded by fences<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9.2 Use top rails on fences wherever moose traffic is high (e.g., where trails cross fences)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9.3 Use 39\u201d fence (1.0m) on drift fence where cattle pressure is low and in valuable moose habitat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\t<!-- ROW --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">10. Continue to gather knowledge and information of moose habitat, health and populations, including First Nations knowledge<\/td>\n<td>10.1 Continue inventory work to determine population numbers and to refine habitat mapping (winter range and critical areas), as well as the key limiting factors on moose populations (e.g., habitat, poaching, predation, access, etc)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">Improved information about moose habitat and populations<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10.2 Explore opportunities to involve First Nations in wildlife studies and assessments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Main Sections There are approximately 300 moose in MU 3-32, 300 in MU 3-33, 50 in MU 3-17, and 10 in MU 3-13. Critical components of moose habitat are suitable forage, thermal shelter in both summer and winter, and limited &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/environmental-sections\/wildlife\/ungulates\/canadian-moose\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":2482,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1921"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1921"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2885,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1921\/revisions\/2885"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lillooet.stewardship.foundation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}